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Microbial assemblages associated with methane release from the Greenland ice sheet
Znamínko, Matěj ; Stibal, Marek (advisor) ; Cameron, Karen (referee)
Subglacial environments provide conditions suitable for the microbial production of methane, an important greenhouse gas, which can be released from beneath the ice as a result of glacial melting. High gaseous methane emissions have recently been discovered at Russell Glacier, an outlet of the southwestern margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet, acting not only as a potential climate amplifier but also as a substrate for methane-consuming microorganisms. Here, we describe the composition of the microbial assemblage exported in meltwater from the methane release hotspot at Russell Glacier and its changes over the melt season and as it travels downstream. We found that a substantial part (27.1 %) of the exported assemblage was made up of methylotrophs and that the relative abundance of methylotrophs increased as the melt season progressed, likely due to the seasonal development of the glacial drainage system. The methylotrophs were dominated by representatives of Type I methanotrophs from the Gammaproteobacteria; however, their relative abundance decreased with increasing distance from the ice margin at the expense of methylotrophs from the Betaproteobacteria and Type II methanotrophs (Alphaproteobacteria). These changes could be attributed to the different physiological demands of these groups. Our...
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The GIUK's gap Geopolitical Importance
Prášil, Matěj ; Riegl, Martin (advisor)
The following thesis is focusing on the geopolitical as well as geostrategic significance of the GIUK Gap. In addition to an overview of the realist theories of international relations used in the analysis as such, the thesis includes a section devoted to the historical development of the geopolitical and geostrategic significance of the GIUK Gap, but above all an analysis of the current geopolitical and geostrategic significance of the once mentioned specific North Atlantic region. The analysis of the current geopolitical situation is written with an emphasis on the increasing importance of the area for NATO and the Russian Federation, whose interests have increasingly clashed in recent years, not only in this region. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate a causal relationship between the generally deteriorating relations between NATO and the Russian Federation following the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the growing importance of the GIUK Gap.
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Geostrategic Importance of Greenland
Uchytilová, Gabriela ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
The diploma thesis entitled "Geostrategic Importance of Greenland" deals with the current geopolitical position of the island in the context of advancing climate change. This brings Greenland many opportunities, but also threats that could affect its further development. The main aim of the work is therefore to examine how the geographical location of the island in combination with the advancing climate change affects its development, especially towards the future full independence from the Kingdom of Denmark. The work maps the current situation of Greenland in terms of newly emerging opportunities as well as the threats it also faces. Furthermore, the work focuses on the relationship between Greenland and Denmark and tries to describe the strategic importance of the island for Denmark. Although the Arctic is an area where states have cooperated in the past decades, in recent years tensions have been growing in the region between the Russian Federation, which is increasing its military presence there, and Western states represented by the North Atlantic Alliance. In addition, China is trying to penetrate the region, which is not indifferent to the strategic importance of the region, and other non-Arctic actors, led by the European Union, are also turning their attention to the region. The...
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The GIUK's gap Geopolitical Importance
Prášil, Matěj ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
The following thesis is focusing on the geopolitical as well as geostrategic significance of the GIUK Gap. In addition to an overview of the realist theories of international relations used in the analysis as such, the thesis includes a section devoted to the historical development of the geopolitical and geostrategic significance of the GIUK Gap, but above all an analysis of the current geopolitical and geostrategic significance of the once mentioned specific North Atlantic region. The analysis of the current geopolitical situation is written with an emphasis on the increasing importance of the area for NATO and the Russian Federation, whose interests have increasingly clashed in recent years, not only in this region. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate a causal relationship between the generally deteriorating relations between NATO and the Russian Federation following the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the growing importance of the GIUK Gap.
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The Role of Greenland and Nunavut in International Relations in 1979-2009
Zettlitzerová, Radka ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
Greenland and Nunavut are territories with a limited measure of autonomy. Greenland obtained it's autonomy when the Greenland Home Rule Act came into effect. Nunavut instead, obtained it's autonomy from the moment it was created in 1999, via the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement and the Nunavut Act.. Both Greenland and Nunavut have no authority to interfere with international affairs, but they do have options to get involved via different Inuit organizations (the majority of the population both Greenland and Nunavut are Inuits). This bachelor thesis, Role of Greenland and Nunavut in international relations in 1979 - 2009, aims to find an answer to the possibility of Greenland and Nunavut having an active part in international affairs (based on the documents mentioned above), if they can be considered of subjects of the international law and if some examples of their international involvement even can be mentioned. Even though according to their constitutional acts, niether Greenland nor Nunavut are allowed to act independently in matters of international affairs, the author of this thesis defends the hypothesis that in fact they can, participate in international discussions and even, on a limited scale, decide their own foreign policy. The first part of this thesis introduces a basic geographical,...
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Tažní psi v Arktidě jako potenciální zdroj parazitárních infekcí lidí a volně žijících zvířat
BROŽ, Marek
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate dogs introduced into the Arctic as a source of intestinal parasites infection both for wildlife and humans. To that aim coprological examination of faeces sampled in Svalbard and Greenland was performed. Microscopical and molecular detection of cryptosporidia, giardiae, microsporidia, roundworms and tapeworms in faeces was carried out. One sample from Svalbard was positive for Toxocara canis eggs and four samples from Svalbard were positive for unusual genotype of Enterocytozoon bieneusi.
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From Neutrality to Alliance: Denmark on the Way to the Alliance with the USA and to the Membership in NATO: Contribution to the Study of Danish Foreign Policy in 1945-1949
Hůrská, Jana ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Horčička, Václav (referee)
The topic of my diploma thesis is the Danish foreign policy between the years 1945 and 1949 and its relation to the Danish national identity. The main research question is, if and how the Danish national identity influenced the state's shift from the traditional neutrality policy to the North Atlantic Agreement. To understand the national narrative I use a discoursive analysis of selected sources, mainly the daily press and political speeches intended for public. I focuse not only on the image Danes had about them selves, but also on their view of the other agents of the international relations - mainly on the Soviet Union, the United States and the North. Keywords: Denmark, USA, Greenland, Occupation of Bornholm, NATO, UN, Marshall Plan, Easter Crisis 1948
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Correlation of abiotic proxies in Holocene lacustrine sediments of Peri-Atlantic Arctic
Roman, Matěj ; Nývlt, Daniel (advisor) ; Sedláček, Jan (referee)
The peri-Atlantic Arctic, one of the most sensitive components of the Earth climate system, experienced pronounced climatic fluctuations during the Holocene. Several external forcings were considered responsible for these variations, including decline of insolation on the Northern Hemisphere, changes in distribution of land ice mass, explosive volcanism, or changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation. In order to explore the driving mechanisms of the peri-Atlantic Arctic environmental variability, three sites located in different parts of the region were selected for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions with focus on extracting the climatic information. With this intention, sedimentary cores from i) Lake Garmaksla, Central Svalbard, ii) Jarfjorden, northeastern Norway, and iii) Kobbefjord area, southwestern Greenland, were retrieved and subjected to multi-proxy investigation. The absolute chronostratigraphic framework was established by comprehensive radiocarbon (14 C) and short-lived radioisotopes (210 Pb, 137 Cs) dating. Further analyses include measurements of magnetic susceptibility, grain size distribution, element composition by means of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and elements bound to organic matter, i.e. organic carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and biogenic silica. The relationships between the...
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The Greenlandic Journey towards Sovereignty: the Role of the European Union in this Process
Novotný, Dominik ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Svobodný, Petr (referee)
This thesis researches the role of the European Union in the Greenlandic journey towards economic self-sufficiency and political sovereignty. The main goal of the thesis is to interpret the position of EU as a foreign partner of Nuuk. The author concentrates on three main areas. The first one is fishery, the sector which is currently of the greatest importance to the country's economy and on the grounds of which Greenland left the structures of the European integration. This area was also fundamental for the shaping of the original form of the EU- Greenlandic relations. The second area is the extraction of Greenlandic natural resources, which in future might be the potential source of Greenlandic economic self-sufficiency; however this will not be possible without foreign investments. The third area is the political framework of sovereignty-seeking efforts within the country, the entire Danish realm and in the global context. This paper is a compilation thesis supplemented by author's interpretations of primary sources. In the thesis the author confirms his hypothesis that the EU even after Greenland left the EEC represents a fundamental aspect for the development of Greenland toward full independence.
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The Role of Greenland and Nunavut in International Relations in 1979-2009
Zettlitzerová, Radka ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
Greenland and Nunavut are territories with a limited measure of autonomy. Greenland obtained it's autonomy when the Greenland Home Rule Act came into effect. Nunavut instead, obtained it's autonomy from the moment it was created in 1999, via the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement and the Nunavut Act.. Both Greenland and Nunavut have no authority to interfere with international affairs, but they do have options to get involved via different Inuit organizations (the majority of the population both Greenland and Nunavut are Inuits). This bachelor thesis, Role of Greenland and Nunavut in international relations in 1979 - 2009, aims to find an answer to the possibility of Greenland and Nunavut having an active part in international affairs (based on the documents mentioned above), if they can be considered of subjects of the international law and if some examples of their international involvement even can be mentioned. Even though according to their constitutional acts, niether Greenland nor Nunavut are allowed to act independently in matters of international affairs, the author of this thesis defends the hypothesis that in fact they can, participate in international discussions and even, on a limited scale, decide their own foreign policy. The first part of this thesis introduces a basic geographical,...
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